Uber use after alcohol consumption among car/motorcycle drivers in ten Brazilian capitals.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the proportion of Uber use instead of drinking and driving in ten Brazilian capitals, in 2019. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was developed in ten Brazilian capitals. Data were collected in agglomeration points (AP) and sobriety checkpoints (SC). Based on responses to a standardized questionnaire, the proportion of drivers who used Uber instead of drinking and driving was measured for total sample of each methodology and stratified by municipality, age group, gender, education level, and type of vehicle. Fisher's exact test was used to make comparisons between the strata. RESULTS: A total of 8,864 drivers were interviewed. The most used means of transport to replace driving after drinking alcohol was the Uber system (AP: 54.6%; 95%CI: 51.2-58.0. SC: 58.6%; 95%CI: 55.2-61.9). Most of these users were aged from 18 to 29 years, women, with at least one higher education degree. According to the AP methodology, the highest magnitude of this indicator was found in Vitória (ES) (71.0%; 95%CI: 63.5-77.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Teresina (PI) (33.1%; 95%CI: 22.7-45.5). According to the SC methodology, the highest magnitude of the indicator was also found in Vitória (ES) (78.3%; 95%CI: 68.8-85.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Boa Vista (RR) (36.6%; 95%CI: 26.8-47.7). CONCLUSION: In Brazilian capitals, the study showed higher proportions of Uber use instead of drinking and driving. This type of scientific evidence on factors associated with road traffic injuries presents the potential to guide public health interventions.

Uber use after alcohol consumption among car/motorcycle drivers in ten Brazilian capitals

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the proportion of Uber use instead of drinking and driving in ten Brazilian capitals, in 2019. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was developed in ten Brazilian capitals. Data were collected in agglomeration points (AP) and sobriety checkpoints (SC). Based on responses to a standardized questionnaire, the proportion of drivers who used Uber instead of drinking and driving was measured for total sample of each methodology and stratified by municipality, age group, gender, education level, and type of vehicle. Fisher's exact test was used to make comparisons between the strata. RESULTS A total of 8,864 drivers were interviewed. The most used means of transport to replace driving after drinking alcohol was the Uber system (AP: 54.6%; 95%CI: 51.2-58.0. SC: 58.6%; 95%CI: 55.2-61.9). Most of these users were aged from 18 to 29 years, women, with at least one higher education degree. According to the AP methodology, the highest magnitude of this indicator was found in Vitória (ES) (71.0%; 95%CI: 63.5-77.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Teresina (PI) (33.1%; 95%CI: 22.7-45.5). According to the SC methodology, the highest magnitude of the indicator was also found in Vitória (ES) (78.3%; 95%CI: 68.8-85.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Boa Vista (RR) (36.6%; 95%CI: 26.8-47.7). CONCLUSION In Brazilian capitals, the study showed higher proportions of Uber use instead of drinking and driving. This type of scientific evidence on factors associated with road traffic injuries presents the potential to guide public health interventions.

Road traffic injuries and deaths and the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals in Brazil: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Brazil ranks 5th in the number of deaths due to road injuries. This study aimed to analyze mortality and disabilities resulting from road injuries in Brazil, and to assess the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of reducing deaths due to road injuries by 50% by 2030. METHODS: This descriptive and exploratory study used the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019: indicators of mortality, premature deaths, and disabilities according to sex, age group, and type of transport for 1990, 2015, and 2019. Time trends in mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 were assessed, and a projection for 2030 was calculated, applying a linear regression model. RESULTS: Deaths due to road injuries were 44,236 in 1990, and 44,529 in 2019, representing a 43% reduction in mortality rates. The highest rates were in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions of Brazil, in males and young adults. A 77% reduction was observed in mortality rates for pedestrians and an increase of 53% for motorcyclists and of 54% for cyclists during the period. In terms of motorcycle road injuries, the mortality rate for men increased from 7.3/100,000 (1990) to 11.7/100,000 inhabitants (2019). The rates of premature deaths and disabilities were also higher for men when compared to women. Amputations, fractures, spinal cord injuries, and head trauma were the main types of road injuries. The projections for 2030 show that Brazil might not reach the SDG target. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the decline in mortality rates, the 2030 Agenda's target might not be achieved.

Global Cardiovascular Risk Estimation and associated factors in the adult population. Senador Canedo, Goiás / Estimativa do Risco Global Cardiovascular e fatores associados na população adulta. Senador Canedo, Goiás

Background: Among chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are the main causes of premature mortality globally. The comprehensive care model focused on these diseases, presents as one of its components, the global cardiovascular risk screening (CVR).Objectives: To estimate cvR stratified by sociodemographic variables, as well as factors associated with moderate/high risk, in the adult population living in the municipality of Senador Canedo, metropolitan region of the state of Goiás, Midwest region of Brazil.Methods: The study was conducted through a household survey, through the application of a questionnaire with questions related to lifestyle and data collection such as weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin and cholesterol dosage of 526 participants. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Poisson regression model to analyze the factors associated with CVR according to the model proposed by the Framingham study.Results: The prevalence of High CVR was 12.2% (95%CI:9.5 - 15.5) and moderate CVR was 13.3% (95%CI:10.5 -16.8). The factors associated with high/moderate CVR were individuals without incomplete education or elementary (RPaj: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.3 - 29.7), insufficiently active (RPaj: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.8-5.0), and self-assessment of regular health status (RPaj: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2).Conclusion: The present study allowed verifying the magnitude of CVR and the factors associated with high risk, consisting of an important instrument to guide the actions to prevent cardiovascular outcomes in the population attached to the family health strategy in the municipality of Senador Canedo.

Fundamentos: Dentre as Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT), as Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) são as principais causas de mortalidade prematura globalmente. O modelo de atenção integral voltado para essas doenças, apresenta como um dos seus componentes, o rastreamento de risco global cardiovascular (RCV).Objetivos: Estimar o RCV estratificado por variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como fatores associados ao risco moderado/alto, na população adulta residente no município de Senador Canedo, região metropolitana da capital do estado de Goiás, Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.Métodos: O estudo foi realizado por meio de um inquérito domiciliar, através da aplicação de questionário com perguntas relativas ao estilo de vida e coleta de dados como peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial, dosagem de hemoglobina glicada e de colesterol de 526 participantes. As análises bivariada e multivariada foram realizadas por meio do modelo de regressão de Poisson para analisar os fatores associados ao RCV segundo o modelo proposto pelo estudo de Framingham.Resultados: A prevalência do RCV Alto foi de 12,2% (IC95%:9,5 - 15,5) e do RCV Moderado foi 13,3% (IC95%:10,5 -16,8). Os fatores associados ao RCV Alto/moderado, foram: indivíduos sem instrução ou fundamental incompleto (RPaj: 6.2; IC 95%: 1.3 - 29.7), insuficientemente ativo (RPaj: 3.1; IC 95%: 1.8-5.0), e autoavaliação do estado de saúde regular (RPaj: 1.8; IC 95%: 1.1-3.2).Conclusão: O presente trabalho permitiu verificar a magnitude do RCV e os fatores associados ao alto risco, consistindo num importante instrumento para orientar as ações de prevenção de desfechos cardiovasculares na população adstrita a estratégia saúde da família no município de Senador Canedo.

Road traffic injuries and deaths and the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals in Brazil: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990 to 2019

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazil ranks 5th in the number of deaths due to road injuries. This study aimed to analyze mortality and disabilities resulting from road injuries in Brazil, and to assess the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of reducing deaths due to road injuries by 50% by 2030. METHODS: This descriptive and exploratory study used the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019: indicators of mortality, premature deaths, and disabilities according to sex, age group, and type of transport for 1990, 2015, and 2019. Time trends in mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 were assessed, and a projection for 2030 was calculated, applying a linear regression model. RESULTS: Deaths due to road injuries were 44,236 in 1990, and 44,529 in 2019, representing a 43% reduction in mortality rates. The highest rates were in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions of Brazil, in males and young adults. A 77% reduction was observed in mortality rates for pedestrians and an increase of 53% for motorcyclists and of 54% for cyclists during the period. In terms of motorcycle road injuries, the mortality rate for men increased from 7.3/100,000 (1990) to 11.7/100,000 inhabitants (2019). The rates of premature deaths and disabilities were also higher for men when compared to women. Amputations, fractures, spinal cord injuries, and head trauma were the main types of road injuries. The projections for 2030 show that Brazil might not reach the SDG target. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the decline in mortality rates, the 2030 Agenda's target might not be achieved.

Prevalence and factors associated with arterial hypertension in adults living in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil: a population-based study, 2016. / Prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão arterial em adultos residentes em Senador Canedo, Goiás: estudo de base populacional, 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adults in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, in 2016. METHODS: This was cross-sectional survey, with three-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was applied and weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were measured. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence was 23.6% (95%CI - 19.3;28.6) among the 709 participants. The associated factors were: sedentarism (PR=1.7 - 95%CI% 1.1;2.5); enlarged waist circumference (PR=5.9 - 95%CI 3.6;9.6); hypercholesterolemia (PR=2.6 - 95%CI 1.3;5.2); and age ≥60 years (PR=2.9 - 95%CI 1.3;6.2). CONCLUSION: Hypertension prevalence was lower than that described for Brazil as a whole in 2013. Physical inactivity, accumulated abdominal fat and age were factors associated with hypertension.

Prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão arterial em adultos residentes em Senador Canedo, Goiás: estudo de base populacional, 2016 / Prevalencia y factores asociados con la hipertensión arterial en adultos que viven en Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brasil: estudio de base poblacional, 2016 / Prevalence and factors associated with arterial hypertension in adults living in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil: a population-based study, 2016

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão em adultos de Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brasil, no ano de 2016. Métodos: Inquérito transversal, de base populacional, com amostragem por conglomerados em três estágios. Foi aplicado questionário e realizadas aferições de peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial e dosagem do colesterol total. Empregou-se regressão de Poisson para estimar razões de prevalências (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Nos 709 participantes, a prevalência de hipertensão foi de 23,6% (IC95% 19,3;28,6). Os fatores associados foram: inativos no lazer (RP=1,7 - IC95% 1,1;2,5); circunferência de cintura aumentada (RP=5,9 - IC95% 3,6;9,6); hipercolesterolemia (RP=2,6 - IC95% 1,3;5,2); e idade ≥60 anos (RP=2,9 - IC95% 1,3;6,2). Conclusão: A prevalência de hipertensão foi inferior à descrita para o Brasil em 2013. Inatividade física, acúmulo de gordura abdominal e idade foram fatores associados à hipertensão.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la hipertensión en adultos de Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brasil, en el año 2016. Métodos: Encuesta con muestreo por conglomerados en tres etapas. Se aplicó cuestionario y evaluaron medidas de peso, altura, circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial y colesterol total. La regresión de Poisson se usó para estimar las razones de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: EEntre los 709 participantes, la prevalencia de hipertensión fue del 23,6% (IC95% 19,3; 28,6). Los factores asociados fueron: inactivo en el tiempo libre (RP=1,6 - IC95% 1,1; 2,5); aumento de la circunferencia de la cintura (RP=1,7 - IC95% 1,1;2,5); hipercolesterolemia (RP=5,9 - IC95% 3,6;9,6); y edad ≥60 años (RP=2,9 - IC95% 1,3;6,2). Conclusión: La prevalencia de hipertensión fue menor que la descrita para Brasil en 2013. La inactividad física, la acumulación de grasa abdominal y la edad fueron factores asociados con la hipertensión.

Objective: To estimate prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adults in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, in 2016. Methods: This was cross-sectional survey, with three-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was applied and weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were measured. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 23,6% (IC95% - 19,3;28,6) entre os 709 participantes. Os fatores associados foram: sedentarismo (RP=1,7 - IC95% 1,1;2,5); circunferência da cintura aumentada (RP=5,9 - IC 95% 3,6;9,6); hipercolesterolemia (RP=2,6 - IC 95% 1,3;5,2); e idade ≥60 anos (RP=2,9 - IC95% 1,3;6,2). Conclusion: Hypertension prevalence was lower than that described for Brazil as a whole in 2013. Physical inactivity, accumulated abdominal fat and age were factors associated with hypertension.

Addressing chronic noncommunicable diseases in primary health care in Goiás, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2012 and 2014. / Enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na atenção primária à saúde em Goiás: estudo descritivo, 2012 e 2014.

OBJECTIVE: To compare primary health care (PHC) actions taken to care for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the state of Goiás, Brazil, between 2012 and 2014. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB). The proportions of teams performing actions to address NCDs were compared between PMAQ-AB cycles I and II using the McNemar test for paired samples. RESULTS: Seventeen of the 20 variables studied showed a proportional increase between the two cycles: from 16.0% to 32.1% of teams that practiced all care management actions, from 21.5% to 35.2% of those that practiced all health promotion actions and from 22.2% to 39.8% of teams that practiced all activities at school. CONCLUSION: PHC actions to address NCDs in Goiás were strengthened between the two PMAQ-AB cycles.

Magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil: a retrospective cohort study, 2012. / Magnitude e determinantes da mortalidade neonatal e pós-neonatal em Goiânia, Goiás: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, 2012.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in Goiânia, Brazil, 2012. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data linkage of the Live Birth Information System and the Mortality Information System. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with neonatal and postneonatal death. RESULTS: Neonatal mortality (0-27 days of life) was 9.4 deaths per 1,000 live births; while postneonatal mortality (28-364 days of life) was 3.0 deaths per 1,000 live births. Neonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=13.10 - 95%CI 7.48;22.96), 19-34-week pregnancy (OR=6.25 - 95%CI 2.26;17.29), birth weight <1,500g (OR=62.42 - 95%CI 22.72;171.48) and cesarean delivery (OR=0.54 - 95%CI 0.37;0.79). Postneonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=4.16 - 95%CI 1.51;11.43) and birth weight <1.500g (OR=18.74 - 95%CI 4.04;87.00). CONCLUSION: A low number of prenatal care visits, premature childbirth and low birth weight were the main risk factors for neonatal and postneonatal mortality.

Mortality by road traffic injuries in Brazil (2000-2016): capital cities versus non-capital cities.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the magnitude and trend of mortality by road traffic injuries (RTI) in the capitals and other municipalities of each Brazilian state between 2000 and 2016. METHODS: A time series analysis of mortality rates by RTI standardized by age was performed, comparing the capitals and the cluster of non-capital municipalities in each state. Data on deaths were obtained from the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System). RTI deaths were considered to be those, whose root cause was designated by ICD-10 codes V01 to V89, with redistribution of garbage codes. To estimate mortality rates, we used the population projections of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from 2000 to 2015 and the population estimated by polynomial interpolation for 2016. The trend analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten method, using the Stata 14.0 program. RESULTS: There were 601,760 deaths due to RTI in the period (114,483 of residents in capital cities). Mortality by RTI did not present an increasing trend in any of the Capitals in the period under study. Among non-capital municipalities, the trend was growing in 14 states. The greatest increase was observed in Piaui (AIR = 7.50%; 95%CI 5.50 - 9.60). There was a decreasing trend in RTI mortality in 14 capitals, among which Curitiba showed the greatest decrease (AIR = -4.82%; 95%CI -6.61 - -2.92). Only São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul showed a decreasing trend in mortality by RTI in non-capital cities (AIR = 2.32%; 95%CI -3.32 - -1.3 and AIR = 1.2%, 95%CI -2.41 - 0.00, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RTI mortality rates in non-capital cities in Brazil showed alarming trends when compared with those observed in capital cities. The development of effective traffic safety actions is almost always limited to Brazilian capitals and large cities. Municipalities with higher risk should be prioritized to strengthen public policies for prevention and control.

Magnitude e determinantes da mortalidade neonatal e pós-neonatal em Goiânia, Goiás: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, 2012 / Magnitud y determinantes de la mortalidad neonatal y posneonatal en Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, 2012 / Magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil: a retrospective cohort study, 2012

Objetivo: Estimar a magnitude e determinantes da mortalidade infantil neonatal e pós-neonatal em Goiânia, Brasil, em 2012. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, utilizando relacionamento entre o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Aplicou-se regressão logística para avaliar os fatores associados ao óbito neonatal e pós-neonatal. Resultados: A mortalidade neonatal (0-27 dias de vida) foi de 9,4; e a pós-neonatal (28-364 dias de vida), de 3,0 óbitos/1 mil nascidos vivos. Os fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal foram: 0-3 consultas de pré-natal (OR=13,10 - IC95% 7,48;22,96); gestações de 19-34 semanas (OR=6,25 - IC95% 2,26;17,29); peso ao nascer <1.500g (OR=62,42 - IC95%22,72;171,48); e parto cesáreo (OR=0,54 - IC95% 0,37;0,79). Associaram-se à mortalidade no período pós-neonatal: 0-3 consultas de pré-natal (OR=4,16 - IC95% 1,51;11,43); e peso ao nascer <1.500g (OR=18,74 - IC95% 4,04;87,00). Conclusão: Baixo número de consultas, prematuridade e baixo peso foram os principais fatores de risco da mortalidade neonatal e pós-neonatal.

Objetivo: Estimar la magnitud y determinantes de mortalidad neonatal y posneonatal en Goiânia, Brasil, en 2012. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, utilizando enlace entre el Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos y el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Se aplicó la regresión logística para evaluar los factores asociados al desenlace de óbito neonatal y posneonatal. Resultados: La mortalidad neonatal (0-27 días de vida) fue de 9,4; y la posneonatal (28-364 días de vida) fue de 3,0 óbitos/1000 nacidos vivos. Los factores asociados a la mortalidad neonatal fueron: 0-3 consultas prenatales (OR=13,10 - IC95% 7,48; 22,96), gestación de 19-34 semanas (OR=6,25 - IC95% 2,26;17,29), peso al nacimiento <1.500g (OR=62,42 - IC95% 22,72;171,48), parto por cesárea (OR=0,54; IC95% 0,37;0,79). En el período posneonatal se asociaron a la mortalidad: 0-3 visitas prenatales (OR=4,16 - IC95% 1,51;11,43), peso al nacer <1.500g (OR=18,74 - IC95% 4,04;87,00). Conclusión: Bajo número de consultas, prematuridad y bajo peso fueron los principales factores associados a la mortalidad neonatal y posneonatal.

Objective: To estimate magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in Goiânia, Brazil, 2012. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data linkage of the Live Birth Information System and the Mortality Information System. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with neonatal and postneonatal death. Results: Neonatal mortality (0-27 days of life) was 9.4 deaths per 1,000 live births; while postneonatal mortality (28-364 days of life) was 3.0 deaths per 1,000 live births. Neonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=13.10 - 95%CI 7.48;22.96), 19-34-week pregnancy (OR=6.25 - 95%CI 2.26;17.29), birth weight <1,500g (OR=62.42 - 95%CI 22.72;171.48) and cesarean delivery (OR=0.54 - 95%CI 0.37;0.79). Postneonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=4.16 - 95%CI 1.51;11.43) and birth weight <1.500g (OR=18.74 - 95%CI 4.04;87.00). Conclusion: A low number of prenatal care visits, premature childbirth and low birth weight were the main risk factors for neonatal and postneonatal mortality.

Enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na atenção primária à saúde em Goiás: estudo descritivo, 2012 e 2014 / Enfrentamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la atención primaria de salud en Goiás, Brasil: un estudio descriptivo, 2012 y 2014 / Addressing chronic noncommunicable diseases in primary health care in Goiás, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2012 and 2014

Objetivo: Comparar as ações realizadas para atenção às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) pela atenção primária à saúde (APS) no estado de Goiás, Brasil, entre 2012 e 2014. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com dados secundários do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foram comparadas as proporções de equipes que executavam ações de enfrentamento das DCNTs, entre os ciclos I e II do PMAQ-AB, utilizando-se o teste de McNemar para amostras pareadas. Resultados: Dezessete das 20 variáveis estudadas apresentaram aumento proporcional entre ambos os ciclos, de 16,0 para 32,1% nas equipes que praticavam todas as ações de gestão do cuidado, de 21,5 para 35,2% nas que praticavam todas as ações de promoção da saúde, e de 22,2 para 39,8% nas equipes que praticavam todas ações de atividades na escola. Conclusão: O enfrentamento das DCNTs pela APS em Goiás fortaleceu-se entre os dois ciclos do PMAQ-AB.

Objetivo: Comparar acciones para la atención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) por atención primaria de salud (APS) en Goiás, Brasil, entre 2012 y 2014. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con datos secundarios del Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento del Acceso y la Calidad en Atención Primaria (PMAQ-AB). Se compararon las proporciones de equipos que realizaban acciones para combatir las ECNT entre los ciclos I y II del PMAQ-AB utilizando la prueba de McNemar para muestras pareadas. Resultados: Diecisiete de las 20 variables estudiadas tuvieron un aumento proporcional entre los dos ciclos. La proporción de equipos que practicaron todas las acciones de gestión del cuidado aumentó del 16,0% al 32,1%, los que practicaron todas las acciones de promoción de la salud pasó del 21,5% al 35,2% y los que realizaron todas las actividades en la escuela del 22,2% al 39,8%. Conclusión: El enfrentamiento a las ECNT por las APS en Goiás se fortaleció entre dos ciclos del PMAQ-AB.

Objective: To compare primary health care (PHC) actions taken to care for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the state of Goiás, Brazil, between 2012 and 2014. Methods: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB). The proportions of teams performing actions to address NCDs were compared between PMAQ-AB cycles I and II using the McNemar test for paired samples. Results: Seventeen of the 20 variables studied showed a proportional increase between the two cycles: from 16.0% to 32.1% of teams that practiced all care management actions, from 21.5% to 35.2% of those that practiced all health promotion actions and from 22.2% to 39.8% of teams that practiced all activities at school. Conclusion: PHC actions to address NCDs in Goiás were strengthened between the two PMAQ-AB cycles.

Mortality by road traffic injuries in Brazil (2000-2016): capital cities versus non-capital cities / Mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito no Brasil (2000-2016): capitais versus não capitais

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To compare the magnitude and trend of mortality by road traffic injuries (RTI) in the capitals and other municipalities of each Brazilian state between 2000 and 2016. METHODS: A time series analysis of mortality rates by RTI standardized by age was performed, comparing the capitals and the cluster of non-capital municipalities in each state. Data on deaths were obtained from the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System). RTI deaths were considered to be those, whose root cause was designated by ICD-10 codes V01 to V89, with redistribution of garbage codes. To estimate mortality rates, we used the population projections of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from 2000 to 2015 and the population estimated by polynomial interpolation for 2016. The trend analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten method, using the Stata 14.0 program. RESULTS: There were 601,760 deaths due to RTI in the period (114,483 of residents in capital cities). Mortality by RTI did not present an increasing trend in any of the Capitals in the period under study. Among non-capital municipalities, the trend was growing in 14 states. The greatest increase was observed in Piaui (AIR = 7.50%; 95%CI 5.50 - 9.60). There was a decreasing trend in RTI mortality in 14 capitals, among which Curitiba showed the greatest decrease (AIR = −4.82%; 95%CI −6.61 - −2.92). Only São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul showed a decreasing trend in mortality by RTI in non-capital cities (AIR = 2.32%; 95%CI −3.32 - −1.3 and AIR = 1.2%, 95%CI −2.41 - 0.00, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RTI mortality rates in non-capital cities in Brazil showed alarming trends when compared with those observed in capital cities. The development of effective traffic safety actions is almost always limited to Brazilian capitals and large cities. Municipalities with higher risk should be prioritized to strengthen public policies for prevention and control.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Comparar a magnitude e tendência da mortalidade por acidentes de transporte terrestre (ATT) nas capitais e demais municípios de cada estado brasileiro nos anos de 2000 a 2016. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada análise de séries temporais das taxas de mortalidade por ATT padronizadas por idade, comparando as capitais e o aglomerado de municípios não capitais em cada estado. Os dados sobre óbitos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram considerados como óbitos por ATT aqueles cuja causa básica tenha sido designada pelos códigos V01 a V89 do CID-10, com redistribuição dos garbage codes. Para o cálculo das taxas de mortalidade, foram utilizadas as projeções populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística de 2000 a 2015 e a população calculada por interpolação polinomial para 2016. A análise de tendências foi realizada pelo método de Prais-Winsten, utilizando o programa Stata 14.0. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 601.760 óbitos por ATT no período (114.483 de residentes em capitais). A mortalidade por ATT não apresentou tendência crescente em nenhuma das capitais no período em estudo. Já entre os municípios não capitais, a tendência foi crescente em 14 estados. O maior aumento foi observado no Piauí (TIA = 7,50%; IC95% 5,50 - 9,60). Ocorreu tendência decrescente da mortalidade por ATT em 14 capitais, dentre as quais Curitiba apresentou maior decréscimo (TIA = −4,82%; IC95% −6,61 - −2,92). Apenas São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul apresentaram tendência decrescente da mortalidade por ATT nos municípios não capitais (TIA = 2,32%; IC95% −3,32 - −1.3 e TIA = 1,2%, IC95% −2,41 - 0,00, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: É possível concluir que as taxas de mortalidade por ATT em municípios não capitais no Brasil apresentaram tendência alarmantes quando comparadas às observadas nas capitais. O desenvolvimento de ações eficazes de segurança no trânsito está quase sempre limitado às capitais e grandes cidades brasileiras. Os municípios com maior risco devem ser priorizados para o fortalecimento das políticas públicas de prevenção e controle.

Epidemiology of Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus in the State of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil: Results of the National Health Survey, 2013.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in adults from the State of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1774 individuals aged ≥18 years participating in the National Health Survey of 2013 in Maranhão. The adults were selected by probabilistic sampling and interviewed face-to-face by in-home visits. The Poisson regression model was used to verify the factors associated with DM. Results: The prevalence of DM was 5.39% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.73⁻7.73). After adjustment of the regression model for age, gender, smoking, education, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, DM was statistically associated with age ≥60 years, female sex, low educational level, and self-report hypertension. Conclusion: The present study found the prevalence of self-reported DM similar to that estimated in the general population of Brazil. Public policies for prevention and control should intensify control, especially in the subgroups most vulnerable to DM.

Brazil's Unified Health System and the National Health Promotion Policy: prospects, results, progress and challenges in times of crisis. / O SUS e a Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde: perspectiva resultados, avanços e desafios em tempos de crise.

This article examines progress made towards the implementation of the core priorities laid out in the National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS, acronym in Portuguese) and current challenges, highlighting aspects that are essential to ensuring the sustainability of this policy in times of crisis. It consists of a narrative review drawing on published research and official government documents. The PNPS was approved in 2006 and revised in 2014 and emphasizes the importance of social determinants of health and the adoption of an intersectoral approach to health promotion based on shared responsibility networks aimed at improving quality of life. Progress has been made across all core priorities: tackling the use of tobacco and its derivatives; tackling alcohol and other drug abuse; promoting safe and sustainable mobility; adequate and healthy food; physical activity; promoting a culture of peace and human rights; and promoting sustainable development. However, this progress is seriously threatened by the grave political, economic and institutional crisis that plagues the country, notably budget cuts and a spending cap that limits public spending for the next 20 years imposed by Constitutional Amendment Nº 95, painting a future full of uncertainties.

O estudo analisa os avanços e desafios da implementação da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS) quanto às suas agendas prioritárias e aponta aspectos críticos para sua sustentabilidade em tempos de crises. Estudo de revisão narrativa, abrangendo estudos publicados e documentação institucional. A PNPS foi aprovada em 2006 e revisada em 2014 e destaca a importância dos condicionantes e determinantes sociais da saúde no processo saúde-doença e tem como pressupostos a intersetorialidade e a criação de redes de corresponsabilidade que buscam a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Foram descritos avanços nas prioridades destacadas na PNPS, em programas e ações de enfrentamento ao uso do tabaco e seus derivados; alimentação adequada e saudável; práticas corporais e atividades físicas; promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável; o enfrentamento do uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas; a promoção da mobilidade segura e sustentável; e a promoção da cultura da paz e de direitos humanos. Entretanto, os avanços da PNPS apresentados podem estar seriamente ameaçados frente à grave crise política, econômica e institucional que abateu o país, em especial os cortes orçamentários para os próximos 20 anos, com a Emenda Constitucional 95, desenhando um cenário futuro de muitas incertezas.

O SUS e a Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde: perspectiva resultados, avanços e desafios em tempos de crise / Brazil's Unified Health System and the National Health Promotion Policy: prospects, results, progress and challenges in times of crisis

Resumo O estudo analisa os avanços e desafios da implementação da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS) quanto às suas agendas prioritárias e aponta aspectos críticos para sua sustentabilidade em tempos de crises. Estudo de revisão narrativa, abrangendo estudos publicados e documentação institucional. A PNPS foi aprovada em 2006 e revisada em 2014 e destaca a importância dos condicionantes e determinantes sociais da saúde no processo saúde-doença e tem como pressupostos a intersetorialidade e a criação de redes de corresponsabilidade que buscam a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Foram descritos avanços nas prioridades destacadas na PNPS, em programas e ações de enfrentamento ao uso do tabaco e seus derivados; alimentação adequada e saudável; práticas corporais e atividades físicas; promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável; o enfrentamento do uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas; a promoção da mobilidade segura e sustentável; e a promoção da cultura da paz e de direitos humanos. Entretanto, os avanços da PNPS apresentados podem estar seriamente ameaçados frente à grave crise política, econômica e institucional que abateu o país, em especial os cortes orçamentários para os próximos 20 anos, com a Emenda Constitucional 95, desenhando um cenário futuro de muitas incertezas.

Abstract This article examines progress made towards the implementation of the core priorities laid out in the National Health Promotion Policy (PNPS, acronym in Portuguese) and current challenges, highlighting aspects that are essential to ensuring the sustainability of this policy in times of crisis. It consists of a narrative review drawing on published research and official government documents. The PNPS was approved in 2006 and revised in 2014 and emphasizes the importance of social determinants of health and the adoption of an intersectoral approach to health promotion based on shared responsibility networks aimed at improving quality of life. Progress has been made across all core priorities: tackling the use of tobacco and its derivatives; tackling alcohol and other drug abuse; promoting safe and sustainable mobility; adequate and healthy food; physical activity; promoting a culture of peace and human rights; and promoting sustainable development. However, this progress is seriously threatened by the grave political, economic and institutional crisis that plagues the country, notably budget cuts and a spending cap that limits public spending for the next 20 years imposed by Constitutional Amendment Nº 95, painting a future full of uncertainties.

Deaths and serious injuries due to traffic accidents in Goiânia, Brazil - 2013: the magnitude and associated factors. / Óbitos e feridos graves por acidentes de trânsito em Goiânia, Brasil - 2013: magnitude e fatores associados.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the magnitude and factors associated with death and serious injuries among victims of traffic accidents in the urban area of Goiânia, Brazil. METHODS: cross-sectional study with linkage between records of the Mortality Information System (SIM) Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health System (SIH/SUS) and occurrences of traffic accidents, from January to June 2013; Poisson regression was used. RESULTS: among 9,795 identified victims, there were 155 deaths and 1,225 serious injuries; cyclists (Incidence ratio [IR]=2.26; 95%CI 1.19;4.30) and pedestrians (IR=2.12; 95%CI 1.26;3.58) had an increased risk of death, while the risk of serious injuries was higher among motorcyclists (IR=2.38; 95%CI 2.01;2.83), cyclists (IR=2.35; 95%CI 1.76;3.13) and pedestrians (IR=2.83; 95%CI 2.27;3.53). CONCLUSION: the study revealed a number of deaths and serious injuries, closer to the real and identified vulnerable groups to plan traffic safety actions.

Óbitos e feridos graves por acidentes de trânsito em Goiânia, Brasil - 2013: magnitude e fatores associados / Muertes y heridos graves por accidentes de tránsito en Goiânia, Brasil - 2013: magnitud y factores associados / Deaths and serious injuries due to traffic accidents in Goiânia, Brazil - 2013: the magnitude and associated factors

Objetivo: identificar a magnitude e fatores associados ao óbito e lesões graves entre vítimas de acidentes de trânsito ocorridos na área urbana de Goiânia, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal com linkage entre registros do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) e ocorrências de acidentes de trânsito, no período de janeiro a junho de 2013; utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson. Resultados: entre 9.795 vítimas identificadas, houve 155 óbitos e 1.225 feridos graves; ciclistas (razão de incidência [RI]=2,26; IC95% 1,19;4,30) e pedestres (RI=2,12; IC95% 1,26;3,58) tiveram maior risco de morte, enquanto o risco de lesões graves foi superior entre motociclistas (RI=2,38; IC95% 2,01;2,83), ciclistas (RI=2,35; IC95% 1,76;3,13) e pedestres (RI=2,83; IC95% 2,27;3,53). Conclusão: o estudo revelou número de óbitos e feridos graves mais próximo do real e identificou grupos vulneráveis, possível alvo para o planejamento de ações de segurança no trânsito.

Objetivo: identificar la magnitud y factores asociados a muerte y lesiones graves entre víctimas de accidentes de tránsito ocurridos en el área urbana de Goiânia, Brasil. Métodos: estudio transversal con enlace entre registros del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM), Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del Sistema Único de Salud (SIH / SUS), ocurrencias de accidentes de tránsito, entre enero-junio 2013; utilizamos regresión de Poisson. Resultados: entre 9.795 víctimas, hubo 155 muertes y 1.225 heridos graves; ciclistas (razón de incidencia [RI = 2,26], IC95% 1,19, 4,30) y peatones (RI = 2,12, IC95% 1,26, 3,58) tuvieron mayor riesgo de muerte, mientras que el riesgo de lesiones graves fue superior entre motociclistas (RI=2,38; IC95% 2,01;2,83), ciclistas (RI=2,35; IC95% 1,76;3,13) y peatones (RI=2,83; IC95% 2,27;3,53). Conclusión: el estudio reveló un número de muertes y heridos graves más cerca de lo real e identificó grupos vulnerables para la planificación de acciones de seguridad de tránsito.

Objective: to identify the magnitude and factors associated with death and serious injuries among victims of traffic accidents in the urban area of Goiânia, Brazil. Methods: cross-sectional study with linkage between records of the Mortality Information System (SIM) Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Health System (SIH/SUS) and occurrences of traffic accidents, from January to June 2013; Poisson regression was used. Results: among 9,795 identified victims, there were 155 deaths and 1,225 serious injuries; cyclists (Incidence ratio [IR]=2.26; 95%CI 1.19;4.30) and pedestrians (IR=2.12; 95%CI 1.26;3.58) had an increased risk of death, while the risk of serious injuries was higher among motorcyclists (IR=2.38; 95%CI 2.01;2.83), cyclists (IR=2.35; 95%CI 1.76;3.13) and pedestrians (IR=2.83; 95%CI 2.27;3.53). Conclusion: the study revealed a number of deaths and serious injuries, closer to the real and identified vulnerable groups to plan traffic safety actions.

A implantação do Sistema de Vigilância de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis no Brasil, 2003 a 2015: alcances e desafios / The implantation of the Surveillance System for Non-communicable Diseases in Brazil, 2003 to 2015: successes and challenges

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a implantação do Sistema de Vigilância de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) no Sistema Único de Saúde e os desafios colocados para sua sustentabilidade. Métodos: Foram feitas revisão de literatura e consultas às informações contidas em portarias do governo federal entre 2003 e 2015. Resultados: Foi implantado um sistema de vigilância de fatores de risco (FR) e proteção integrado, capaz de produzir informações e fornecer evidências para monitorar mudanças nos comportamentos de saúde da população. Dentre os avanços, foram citados a organização dos inquéritos epidemiológicos, como o Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para DCNT (Vigitel), a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), e a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), em 2013, que possibilitou o mais amplo diagnóstico de saúde da população brasileira. Em 2011, o Plano de Enfrentamento de DCNT 2011 - 2022 estabeleceu metas para redução de FR e mortalidade por DCNT. Conclusão: A produção de informações do Sistema de Vigilância de DCNT pode apoiar a implementação de estratégias setoriais e intersetoriais, que resultem no apoio à execução do Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das DCNT, bem como monitorar e avaliar os resultados periodicamente. Constitui ferramenta relevante para o alcance das metas e dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e do Plano Global de Enfrentamento das DCNT.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the implantation of the Surveillance System for Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) in the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) and the challenges in maintaining it. Methods: A literature review was carried out the information contained in federal government directives between 2003 and 2015 was consulted. Results: A comprehensive risk and protection factor surveillance system was implemented. It is capable of producing information and providing evidence to monitor changes in the health behavior of the population. Among the advances cited are the organization of epidemiological surveys, such as the Surveillance System for Risk Factors and Protection for NCD (Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para DCNT - Vigitel), the National School Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - PeNSE), and the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saude) from 2013, which enabled the most extensive health diagnosis of the Brazilian population. In 2011, the NCD National Plan 2011-2022 established targets for reducing risk factors and NCD mortality. Conclusion: The information gathered from the NCD surveillance system can support the implementation of sectoral and intersectorial strategies, which will result in the implementation of the Brazilian Strategic Action Plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, as well as the monitoring and evaluation of their results periodically. Finally, it can be a very important tool to help Brazil achieve the goals proposed by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Global Plan to Tackling NCDs.

Qualifying information on deaths and serious injuries caused by road traffic in five Brazilian capitals using record linkage.

INTRODUCTION: Road traffic crashes (RTC) are an important public health problem, accounting for 1.2 million deaths per year worldwide. In Brazil, approximately 40,000 deaths caused by RTC occur every year, with different trends in the Federal Units. However, these figures may be even greater if health databases are linked to police records. In addition, the linkage procedure would make it possible to qualify information from the health and police databases, improving the quality of the data regarding underlying cause of death, cause of injury in hospital records, and injury severity. OBJECTIVE: This study linked different data sources to measure the numbers of deaths and serious injuries and to estimate the percentage of corrections regarding the underlying cause of death, cause of injury, and the severity injury in victims in matched pairs from record linkage in five representative state capitals of the five macro-regions of Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study used data from the Hospital Information System (HIS), Mortality Information System (MIS), and Police Road Traffic database of Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande, Curitiba, Palmas, and Teresina, for the year 2013 for Teresina, and 2012 for the other capitals. RecLink III was used to perform probabilistic record linkage by identifying matched pairs to calculate the global correction percentage of the underlying cause of death, the circumstance that caused the road traffic injury, and the injury severity of the victims in the police database. RESULTS: There was a change in the cause of injury in the HIS, with an overall percentage of correction estimated at 24.4% for Belo Horizonte, 96.9% for Campo Grande, 100.0% for Palmas, and 33.2% for Teresina. The overall percentages of correction of the underlying cause of death in the MIS were 29.9%, 11.9%, 4.2%, and 33.5% for Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande, Curitiba, and Teresina, respectively. The correction of the classification of injury severity in police database were 100.0% for Belo Horizonte and Teresina, 48.0% for Campo Grande, and 51.4% for Palmas after linkage with hospital database. The linkage between mortality and police database found a percentage of correction of 29.5%, 52.3%, 4.4%, 74.3 and 72.9% for Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande, Palmas, Curitiba and Teresina, respectively in the police records. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed the importance of linking records of the health and police databases for estimating the quality of data on road traffic injuries and the victims in the five capital cities studied. The true causes of death and degrees of severity of the injuries caused by RTC are underestimated in the absence of integration of health and police databases. Thus, it is necessary to define national rules and standards of integration between health and traffic databases in national and state levels in Brazil.